For us, osteochondrosis in the usual sense is a disease of the spine, which is manifested by a decrease in the height of the intervertebral discs. However, this is a natural process in the body associated with its aging and retribution for being bipedal. Changes of this type are found in most people in the age group of 25-40 years and older.
The structure of the cervical spine includes seven vertebrae C1-C7, which are connected by an elastic tissue of the intervertebral discs. Seven processes are connected in the arch, and blood vessels and nerve endings pass through their small openings. In the event of an illness, the intervertebral disc loses its strength and elasticity.
The primary purpose of a cervical spine X-ray is to rule out spondylitis, osteoporosis, or tumors.
If osteochondrosis is described on the X-ray, then this does not have an important clinical meaning.
In general, the prognosis of the pathology is favorable, in the overwhelming majority there is recovery, but it can be delayed by several weeks or months.
incidence statistics
Most individuals prone to osteochondrosis are adults. On average, only 15% of cases involve patients under the age of 30. In people between the ages of 30 and 49, the problem with the cervical vertebrae occurs in 65% of cases. Over the years, due to the sedentary lifestyles of many workers, there have been increasing complaints about the disease.
| How are you | The age of women | age of men |
|---|---|---|
| No progress | 58 | 65 |
| Start slowly | 46 | 46 |
| goes fast | 49 | fifty |
The ratio of severity and dynamics of the disease is about the same in men and women (~50/50). The ages are almost the same. The difference is only for the group in which the disease does not progress - it is striking that the average age of men in this case is 7 years higher.
| townspeople | Villager | brainwork | Physical work | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No progress | 41 | 56 | 55 | 55 |
| Start slowly | 31 | 31 | 29 | 28 |
| goes fast | 28 | fourteen | fifteen | 17 |
It is also striking that the fast-acting osteochondrosis is more common among city dwellers than among rural dwellers.
causes of the disease
Many factors individually or in combination influence the condition of the cervical spine.
Osteochondrosis of the cervical region - degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs in the cervical region.
Manifested by pain, general weakness, numbness in the arms and neck, sometimes tinnitus.
To determine the degree of damage to the cartilage tissue and the involvement of vessels and nerves in the process, X-ray, CT, MRI and other studies are performed.
Medical and physiotherapeutic treatment, lifestyle correction.
The list of causes contributing to intervertebral disc malnutrition:
- physical inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle;
- incorrect metabolism;
- salt deposits;
- unbalanced diet;
- sedentary work, including driving or working at a computer;
- Obesity;
- violation of posture;
- depression, stress, overwork;
- viral diseases in chronic form;
- abrupt cessation of training in athletes or incorrect movements during physical exertion;
- Injury;
- genetic predisposition;
- Birth;
- violations in the formation of bone tissue of the spine;
- hypothermia;
- weightlifting;
- flat feet.
This list can be supplemented, it all depends on the individual characteristics of development, lifestyle and the presence of concomitant diseases.
The degree of development of the pathology of the intervertebral disc
Pathology develops gradually and there are 4 degrees in total:
1 degree
Signs of a manifestation of the disease are minimal, pain in the neck area is insignificant. If you turn your head, they can intensify and cause discomfort. The medical examination reveals slight muscle tension in the neck and collar area.
2 degrees
The pain in this case is stronger than in the description above. And they can give in the arm or in the shoulder area. This manifestation is provoked by a decrease in the height of the intervertebral disc and damage to the nerve endings in it.
Pain occurs when turning or tilting the head. At the same time, the patient's working capacity decreases, headaches appear, general weakness of the body.
3 degrees
The pain intensifies, numbness in the limbs and weakness in the muscles of the hands appear, which means the formation of herniated discs. This degree of the disease is accompanied by frequent dizziness and general weakness of the body.
4 degrees
This is the most dangerous condition of the body, since the intervertebral disc is completely destroyed, and bone tissue is replaced with elastic. At the same time, dizziness becomes frequent, noises appear in the back of the head and ears, coordination of movements is disturbed.
This is due to injury to the artery that supplies the cerebellum and occiput. In the fourth stage of the disease, the neck pain decreases significantly due to the regeneration of the cartilage tissue, but pinched nerve endings remain.
Pain syndrome is not always associated with the presence of protrusions, hernias in the spine, more often it is nonspecific back pain.
symptoms
Pain can manifest itself in different parts of the body, so special examinations should be carried out. Pain can occur, for example, in the area of the eyeballs, in the dental nerves or in the ears. In some cases, they can spread to the shoulders, arms, shoulder blades, and lower back.
Pain in the heart muscle is not excluded, it can easily be confused with heart disease. If you are taking medications that help eliminate pain from heart failure, they will not be beneficial.
Cervical osteochondrosis can pinch (extremely rarely and only occurs with massive osteophytes or large hernias) arteries that supply blood to the brain, causing dizziness, headaches, headaches, loss of orientation, decreased vision, visual appearance, and hearing.
| place of manifestation | characteristic sensations |
|---|---|
| Cervical | It hurts and becomes dizzy, breathing becomes difficult, hearing and vision decrease, voice becomes hoarse, hands become numb. |
| lumbar spine | Back pain - sharp or dull, sweating problems, calf cramps, cold feet, menstrual irregularities, erectile dysfunction. |
| Breast | Difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest or back, pain radiating to the heart region and occurs when bending over and breathing. |
After a long period in a vertical posture and a steep rise, severe dizziness can occur. Fingers, toes and the tip of the nose are often cold.
Each case is individual, and before prescribing medication, an examination should be carried out.
Syndromes with cervical osteochondrosis
A syndrome is a group combining several clinical features. The following varieties are distinguished.
heart
The symptoms are similar to the picture that is manifested with injury to the heart, as well as a condition that precedes a heart attack. This category includes:
- burning and pain in the chest;
- increased fatigue;
- dyspnea;
- general weakness;
- frequent heartbeat.
To distinguish cervical osteochondrosis from heart disease, functional tests and electrocardiography are used.
whirl
Such a syndrome indicates the relationship of the pathological condition with the cartilage and body of bone tissue. Includes three main symptoms:
- Painsduring neck twists;
- changes inplacebetween the vertebrae and her body;
- violationmobilityin the neck area.
These functions are directly related to each other. If any of the symptoms are absent, we are not talking about vertebral syndrome.
vertebral artery
It indicates the relationship between pathological processes and arteries that nourish the brain tissue. The syndrome includes the following symptoms that are directly related to dysfunction of blood flow in the brain:
- irritation of the nerveend up, which is manifested by migraines, severe headaches, tinnitus, numbness of the limbs;
- malfunctionblood circulationin the trunk, which is indicated by attacks of nausea and vomiting, dizziness, changes in blood pressure;
- defectoxygen, manifested by drowsiness, depression, fainting, decreased performance.
The development of the syndrome is facilitated not only by cervical osteochondrosis, but also by other pathological processes.
root
The manifestation is based on the connection of 1 of 8 pairs of roots that innervate the cervical spine. Typically, only one side of the body is affected.
The following symptoms indicate a violation of conductivity:
- 1-2 pairs- pain in the back of the head;
- third- Difficulty chewing food, numbness of the tongue;
- fourth- hiccups, pain in the collarbone;
- fifth- Difficulty moving the shoulder joint;
- sixth- Discomfort in the forearm and shoulder blades;
- seventh- numbness of the middle and index fingers on the upper limbs;
- eighth- Violation of the mobility of the little fingers and ring fingers on the hands.
Since in most cases several couples are simultaneously involved in the pathological process, mixed symptoms are observed.
diagnosis
To diagnose the presence of the disease, first of all, an analysis of the patient's lifestyle, including his professional activity, is carried out. Summarizes information about symptoms. In addition, a survey is conducted on the presence of a similar pathology among family members to determine the factors of hereditary predisposition.
Next, a direct examination of the neck and back in various positions is performed to identify postural changes and visible disc positions. Painful areas and points of muscle tension are felt. However, these are only external studies, and a more accurate picture can be drawn only with the help of instrumental methods.
X-ray of the cervical spine
The information content of this method for hernia diagnostics is low.
CT scan
This is a more advanced method of detecting changes in the vertebrae, but it is difficult to determine the size and presence of hernias and spinal cord compression sites.
MRI
This method is the most advanced compared to the previous two. This allows detailed conclusions to be drawn about the size, position and structure of changes in the intervertebral discs.
Ultrasonic duplex scanning
It is used in suspected changes in blood flow in the vertebral arteries, including its speed and the presence of obstructions.
Rheoencephalography or REG
This exam aims to study the normal blood supply and outflow of blood from the brain. Currently, due to the low information content, it is rarely prescribed.
The above diagnostic methods can be used individually or in combination to determine the cause of the disease.
treatment
It is completely impossible to cure cervical osteochondrosis, but with the help of some methods this process can be slowed down.
With an exacerbation of this disease, drugs are usually prescribed to relieve pain, which, together with vitamins and muscle relaxants, are aimed at increasing the elasticity of soft bone tissue. Specialists prescribe massage procedures and wear a shant collar. Electrophoresis and ultrasound methods are also effective.
You can massage yourself, but only after consulting a specialist. The main methods are:
- kneadMuscles - deep external impact, grabbing the fold, relatively strong squeezing and pressing;
- brightvibration- tapping and shaking;
- trituration- a small effort to implement friction in the state of muscle warm-up;
- stroke- smooth movements without effort;
- to squeeze- Light pressure and release.
With the help of manual therapy, you can get rid of chronic pain and correct your posture. Its direction is to warm up the muscles, relieve tension, restore the normal functions of the joints and achieve the restoration of the cervical vertebrae with a powerful effect on the pathogenic zones.
Acupuncture - this method promotes the release of the hormone cortisol, which has anti-inflammatory properties, into the bloodstream.
exercise therapy at home
Properly performed therapeutic exercises have the most positive effect. The main principle of the exercise is based on the normalization of blood flow in the damaged area.
During exercise therapy, sharp tilts and rotations of the head should not be used. Movements are allowed with the joints in their original position.
There are a number of effective exercises for osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.
First
Lie on your stomach with your hands on the floor. Raise your head and torso. The back forms a straight line. In this position you need to stand for about two minutes. Then slowly get into the starting position. The number of repetitions is no more than 3.
Second
Sit down and lean forward as you inhale. In this case, the head should touch the chest. On the exhale, the head is tilted and tilted back. You must repeat up to 15 times.
third
In a seated position, turn your head alternately in each direction. In this case, the movements should be smooth and flat. If dizziness occurs, the exercise must be stopped.
Exercise therapy is allowed only if there is no exacerbation of the pathology. The best effect is achieved at the time of recovery.
The absence of pain and discomfort indicates the correct use of the complex.
Orthopedic pillows
As a rule, most of the time a person is in a sedentary state. As a result, pain in the back appears. Recovery of the spinal section is possible only at night during sleep. Therefore, it is important to choose the right pillow.
Orthopedic articles for sleep help to relieve stress and normalize the physiological position of the spine at night.
Before choosing a pillow, you should consult your doctor. An experienced specialist will select the most suitable options, taking into account the rigidity and the presence of rollers on the edges intended for placement under the neck.
If a person is overweight, a pillow with a notch for the shoulders may be recommended.
In addition, to achieve the maximum effect, it is important to consider the following criteria:
- The size. If a person is used to sleeping on his back, the optimal height is 9 cm, if lying on his stomach, then less.
- Degreerigidity. Again, you need to consider your preferred sleeping position. If you sleep on your stomach most of the time, a softer product will do; on your back, opt for a harder pillow.
- Form. For night rest, doctors advise to take a rectangular model. The crescent variant is ideal for a short rest.
The main disadvantage of orthopedic pillows is that if the wrong choice is made, a person will constantly experience discomfort.
needle applicator
This is a device consisting of a fabric base and elastic material on which are fixed plastic plates with spikes. Additionally, the kit may include inserts with magnetic strips.
The work of the device is based on the acupuncture effect on the human body. The use of the applicator for cervical osteochondrosis contributes to:
- eliminationcrampsand muscle relaxation
- cuppingpainfulback syndrome;
- normalizationblood circulation;
- improvementmobilityjoints;
- revitalizationmetabolic processes in the tissue.
The main contraindications for use:
- chronicDiseases;
- Pregnancy;
- oncologicalPathology;
- epilepticAttacks;
- inclination tobleeding;
- heartdisease and lung injury.
The therapeutic course lasts 14-21 days, observing all the prescriptions of the attending physician. Only use the device in a well-ventilated area.
diet
Compliance with proper nutrition is an important component in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis.
General recommendations
A properly formulated diet has its own characteristics. First of all, there are no strict restrictions on food. The menu provides for the use of a variety of healthy foods. The energy value per day is calculated individually. It is important that proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber are constantly present in the diet.
To prevent tissue dehydration, it is recommended to drink at least 1. 5 liters of pure water per day. In summer, the daily rate is increased significantly.
In addition, salt consumption should be reduced. Its excessive amount in the body contributes to the appearance of edema and additionally burdens the vascular system. No more than 5 grams of this product are allowed per day.
It is also recommended to reduce the consumption of starch and sugar.
All dishes are steamed in the oven by boiling.
Prohibited Products
Patients with cervical osteochondrosis have to give up a large amount of coffee, pastries and sweet products.
From the diet you need to completely exclude:
- dried fish;
- carbonated drinks;
- pickles;
- preserves and sausage;
- Cake;
- fatty broths;
- dietary supplements.
In addition, strong tea, sweet grapes, spicy dishes, marinades and smoked meat are prohibited.
complications and consequences
Pain arising from cervical osteochondrosis is not yet a serious symptom of the disease. However, if you do not react promptly and do not take any measures, then irreversible processes can occur later. The most dangerous disease resulting from a displacement or a herniated disc can be cardiovascular pathologies.
When squeezing the arteries that run in the spine, the cerebral blood flow is disrupted and, accordingly, the brain starves. As a result, the functioning of the cerebellum and the upper parts of the spinal cord is disturbed, noises appear in the back of the head.
Due to the poor blood supply, vision is impaired and hearing is lost. Comorbidities begin, such as thyroid disease, migraines, and curvature of the spine. Cervical osteochondrosis can provoke a violation of the normal functioning of the digestive system and genital organs.
Studying the pathogenesis of the disease, experts noted that its origin is often provoked by an unhealthy lifestyle, malnutrition, as well as stress and increased loads on the body. Therefore, it is recommended that if the signs are minor, you contact your doctor to avoid them developing into a more serious pathology.
prevention
Preventive measures to prevent such a disease should be different. Experts recommend:
- Sleepon a medium-firm mattress and a low pillow;
- visit regularlybathor a sauna. This helps relieve tension in the muscles;
- take dailyShowerwith hot water;
- run moreon foot, swimming or doing yoga exercises;
- Notturnsharp on sides of head;
- after work forcomputerat the end of each class, rest for five minutes while working with your hands, doing small upper body bends and remembering to maintain your posture;
- atsittingwork on keeping your back straight;
- select specificallyarmchairor comfortable work chairs.
In addition to the physical effects on the correct functioning of the cervical spine, an adjustment in diet is necessary. To do this, you need to eat a little, but often - at least 5 times a day.
Steam dishes ensure good digestion and do not negatively affect soft bone tissue. It is necessary to drink at least one and a half liters of clean water per day and completely exclude alcoholic beverages and smoking. The dressing of salads is recommended with olive oil.
The following foods should be included in the nutritious diet:
- rabbit meat, Chickenor lean beef
- tomatoesand cucumbers, cabbage, beets, avocados, celery, spinach, lettuce, peppers, carrots, and onions;
- skinnyCheese, cottage cheese and milk;
- fishes, squid, crab and oysters;
- brawnand jelly;
- seedsunflower, almonds and hazelnuts;
- Grain, eggs and mushrooms.
It is recommended to exclude from the diet or limit the amount consumed:
- fatty soups;
- beans;
- beans;
- Grape;
- smoked meat;
- Flour products and spicy dishes.
For prevention, you can perform simple physical exercises:
- lay downstomachand put your hands on the floor. Then slowly and carefully raise your head and fix this position for a minute. After returning to the starting position. So repeat 3 or 4 times.
- Lie on your stomach, handsarrangealong the body, then gently turn your head to the right. Return to the starting position and also turn your head to the left. Repeat 5 times on both sides.
- sit on a chairlet downhead until the chin touches the body. Do this exercise on the exhale. Then take the starting position. After inhaling air from your lungs, tilt your head back. Repeat the exercise - 10 times.
- TurnHead clockwise and counterclockwise 4 times, but if health allows.
Complexes of exercises may be different, a medical worker will help you choose.
In any case, before starting gymnastics, it is necessary to consult a specialist, and if you feel dizzy or feel pain during the exercises, you should stop them and consult your doctor.
Answers to frequently asked questions
Which doctor treats?
At the first signs of the development of the pathology, you need to contact a therapist who, after an initial examination, will make a referral to a neurologist (he is the one who treats problems with the nervous system), a radiologist and a specialist in tomography. The vertebrologist conducts the subsequent diagnostics and prescribes treatment. An osteopath will help determine the location of the lesion.
What pillow to sleep with cervical osteochondrosis?
Experts recommend using only orthopedic pillows for sleeping. They must meet the following requirements: springy, moderately dense, rectangular, small.
How long does an exacerbation last?
The average duration of an attack is 2-5 days. However, after this period, the patient feels discomfort in the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe spinal region for another 2-3 weeks. The exacerbation phase can last from several days to several months.
How long to lie on the needle applicator?
With cervical osteochondrosis, one session lasts no more than 7 minutes. At the same time, you need to slightly change the position of your head and back every 60 seconds. It is necessary to carry out 2-3 procedures per day.